伊瑞克提翁神庙
它位于帕特农神庙北面，建于公元前421年至405年。南面西端，用年轻女子雕像代替柱子，富有创意和美感。大英博物馆正面柱廊的爱奥尼克式柱的比例尺度严格参照雅典卫城上伊瑞克提翁神庙的柱式。
奥林匹亚宙斯神殿
这座神殿起建于公元前515年，但直到公元2世纪哈德良皇帝统治时期才兴建完成。据说原有104根壮观的列柱，目前仅存12根。
雅典大学
雅典大学成立于1837年，它不仅是当时新成立的希腊国的第一所大学，也是全巴尔干和地中海中部地区的第一所大学。刚创立时称为奥森大学，只有工程、法律、医学、艺术四个系，33位教授、52名正式生和75名旁听生。1932年改名为雅典大学，专业不断增加，学生逐年增多。
Masters of Philosophy and Literature 哲学奇人和文学大师
Three Mgies in Greek
Socrates and his student Plato， and Plato’s student Aristotle were known as “three Mgies in Greek”. Socrates was born in Athens， was later widely considered the founder of Western philosophy. Plato wrote many philosophical dialogues， and in Athens， Plato founded the renowned Institute.
Aristotle lived in Plato’s Academy for 20 years and in many areas have left extensive writings， including physics， metaphysics， poetry， biology， zoology， logic， politics， government， and ethics.
Comic Poets
In the fifth century BC， there produced three comic poets of Athens： Carattilos， Oubolees and Aristophanes. Only some of completed works of Aristophanes are left， including A Kanai， Bird and peace and so on. He was known as the Greek “Father of Comedy”.
Masters of Tragedy
From the fifth century BC to the fourth century BC， Europe Euripides， Aeschylus and Sophocles， the three was called the masters of Greek tragedy， they ever once lived in Athens. Aeschylus has totally 90 tragedies and comedies， the representative Agamemnon is a tragic story. Sophocles wrote in the lifetime 123 plays in total， Oedipus the King is his masterpiece. Euripides wrote more than 90 works， representative works include Trojan Women and so on.
希腊三贤
苏格拉底和他的学生柏拉图及柏拉图的学生亚里士多德被并称为“希腊三贤”。苏格拉底出生于雅典，被后人广泛认为是西方哲学的奠基者。柏拉图写下了许多哲学的对话录，并且在雅典创办了知名的柏拉图学院。
亚里士多德在柏拉图学院生活了20多年，在许多领域都留下广泛著作，包括了物理学、形而上学、诗歌、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、政治学以及伦理学。
喜剧诗人
公元前5世纪，雅典产生三大喜剧诗人：克拉提诺斯、欧波利斯和阿里斯托芬。只有阿里斯托芬传下一些完整的作品，如《阿卡奈人》《鸟》和《和平》等。他被誉为希腊“喜剧之父”。
悲剧大师
公元前5世纪到4世纪，欧里庇得斯、埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯并称为希腊三大悲剧大师，他们都在雅典生活过。埃斯库罗斯共创作90部悲剧和笑剧，代表作《阿伽门农》是个悲惨故事。索福克勒斯一生共写过123个剧本，《俄狄浦斯王》是他的代表作。欧里庇得斯一生共创作了九十多部作品，代表作品包括《特洛伊妇女》等。
Legend of Athena and Birth of Athens 雅典娜和雅典诞生的传说
According to legend， the king of the Greek gods Zeus married the goddess of wisdom， and soon his wife got pregnant. Zeus got worried that his son would be more powerful than their own， in his wife pregnant， he cast spells and swallowed her stomach. Since then， Zeus would have a headache， the pain tormented him endlessly.
One day， Zeus was bliss， but to let his head with an ax to split up. Unexpectedly， the cracks jumped an armed girl， she was Athena.
Athena has the power of the father and wisdom of mother. Zeus loved her very much.
One day， Athena travelled around the world， in the center of Greece， she saw a prosperous city， she said： “I want to named the city by my own name， I’ll protect the city.”
Poseidon heard these words， he also took a fancy to the city， so he was very angry to find Athena to compete. The results was that Zeus let them race， who could bring to mankind a useful thing， would have the power to protect the city.
The race began.
Poseidon pulled out a horse， which was a symbol of war. Poseidon’s gift take battle for battle.
Athena pulled out a green olive， a symbol of peace， happiness， freedom and harvest.
As a result， Athena won and the city will be named Athens.
Today， in the Parthenon， there are two gables. The Eastern-Hill wall was carved with scenes of the birth of the goddess Athena. The Western-Hill wall depicted scenes of battle between Athena and Poseidon， vividly reflecting the history legend of the birth of the Athens.
相传，希腊人的众神之王宙斯，与智慧女神结婚了，不久女神怀孕了。宙斯担心儿子会比自己更强大，就在妻子怀孕的时候，施展法术，把她吞进了肚子。从此，宙斯就得了头痛病，病痛无休止地折磨着他。
一天，宙斯忍无可忍，只好让人用斧子把自己的脑袋劈开了。不料，从裂缝中蹦出一个全副武装的女孩，她就是雅典娜。
雅典娜具有父亲的威力和母亲的智慧。宙斯十分宠爱她。
有一天，雅典娜出游人间，看到希腊中部的一个繁荣的城市，她说：“我要用我的名字给这个城市命名，让我来庇护这座城市吧。”
这话被海神波塞冬听到了，他也看上这座城市了，所以他很生气，找雅典娜理论。结果宙斯知道了这事，让他俩比赛，谁能给人类带去一件有用的东西，这个城市就归谁保护。
比赛开始了。
波塞冬变出一匹烈马，这是战争的象征，他给人类带来的礼物是互相征战。
雅典娜变出一棵绿色的橄榄树，是和平、幸福、自由和丰收的象征。
最终，雅典娜胜出了，这个城市便被命名为雅典。
如今的帕特农神庙里有两座山墙。东山墙雕刻着雅典娜女神诞生的情景，西山墙上刻画了雅典娜与波塞冬争夺雅典的场面，生动地反映了雅典诞生的历史传说。
17. Berlin Wall：Antifaschistischer Schutzwall 反法西斯防卫墙——柏林墙
Berlin wall was built by Democratic Germany to isolate Democratic (D.P.R) Germany and Union Germany after World War II. The establishment is an important landmark of German division and cold war.
柏林墙是二战以后民主德国（东德）建立的围墙，目的是隔离民主德国和联邦德国。柏林墙的建立，是德国分裂和冷战的重要标志。
The Fall of the Berlin Wall 柏林墙的倒塌
The official name of the Berlin Wall is Anti-fascist Defense Wall. It is the wall， the German Democratic Republic established in Berlin after World War II， to the purpose of isolating the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany， which stopped the public exchanges between East and West Berlin. The establishment of the Berlin Wall is not only a symbol of the division of Germany， but also a symbol of the division of Europe and the world.
There are seven crossings in Berlin Wall， including one specifically for the use the coalition， diplomats and foreign correspondents. Berlin Wall and the “military demarcation line” in Korean peninsula are the products of World War II， they are built by the cement that can be called the “sister wall” in Eurasia.
It was built in 1961， dismantled in 1989， the two returned to a unified Germany. The establishment of the Berlin Wall in German history is indelible scar. The fall of the Berlin Wall， on behalf of a unified Germany， is a milestone events in the history of Europe and world.
