常作表示原因、时间、结果、条件、让步、伴随或方式状语。其逻辑主语是句子的主语且句子的主语是动作的发出者。
e.g.Being blind，how could they see an elephant？
He sat at the desk reading a book.
Seeing from the hill，we find the city beautiful.
II.NOTES
V＋ing形式
1.V＋ing形式一般式和完成式，有主动语态和被动语态，共四种形式，以tell为例asking
being asked
having asked
having been asked
一般式表示与谓语动作同时（或在其后）发生；进行式表示发生在谓语动作之前。
e.g.He is proud of being learned.（He is proud that he is learned.）
I am sure of John"s coming in time.（I am sure that John will come in time.）
I am sure of his having been elected.（I am that he has been elected.）
2.V＋ing的否定形式是在V＋ing前加not.
e.g.What is troubling them is their not having enough knowledge about computer.
Not taking any biscuits that morning，we had nothing to eat later.
3.有些动词接不定式和V＋ing，意思基本一样。如begin，start，continue，plan，can"t bear，like，love，hate，prefer，intend…
e.g.Let"s continue to study/studying law.（让我们继续学习法律。）
4.但有些表示喜恶的动词，如like，love，hate，prefer，intend…，接v＋ing表示一般的喜恶，接不定式表示特别的情况。
e.g.I don"t like going to the theatre alone.（一般情况）
I"d like to go to the theatre if you with me.（特殊）
5.下列动词或短语，need，want，require，bear，demand，be worth…接v＋ing的主动形式，表示被动意义，与接不定式的被动形式意义大致相同。
e.g.This problem needs looking into.（This problem needs to be looked into.）
This book is worth reading twice.（This book is worth to be read twice.）
6.在下列动词或短语后，如，stop，remember，forget，regret，try，mean，go on，go afraid…可以接v＋ing也可以接不定式，但意义不同。
e.g.I remember to fill out the form.（我记得要填表。）（表示动作尚未发生。）
I remember filling out the form.（我记得一天表了。）（表示动作已经发生了。）
I stopped to eat.（我停下别的事，来吃饭。）（停止手中事去做另一件事。）
I stopped eating.（我停止吃饭。）（停止正做的事。）
I regret to say I can"t stay here any longer.（我很抱歉的说我不能在此久留。）（表示动作尚未发生。）
I regret leaving/having left you.（我后悔离开了你。）（表示动作已经发生了。）
He tried to write better.（我力图把字写得好些。）（设法，努力去做，尽力…）
He tried knocking at the back door.（他试着悄悄后门。）（试试去做<看看有何结果>）
I should like to be rich.（but I am poor.）（我很想富有。（但我很穷））
I like being rich.（I am rich.）（我喜欢富有。（我已富有）
I forget to bring my umbrella.（我忘记带伞了。）（表示动作尚未发生。）
I will never forget seeing you.（我永远不会忘记见到你的情景。）（表示动作已经发生了。）
I meant to call on him.（我想去看望他。）（打算做…）
This means wasting time.（这就意味着浪费时间。）（意味着；也就是…）
Having washed the clothes，I went on to sweep the floor.（我洗衣服接着就扫地。）（干完一件事，接着干另一件事。）
They went on doing their work after a short rest.（他们休息一会儿，又继续干活了。）（一直做同一件事。）
The enemy was afraid to come after us.（敌人不敢追我们。）（不敢去做一件事。）
She was afraid of making mistakes.（她怕犯错误。）（害怕某一结果。）
7.补充常用v＋ing的句型。
（1）go＋doing的结构，表示“去干某事”的意思，多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。例如：go fishing去钓鱼go hunting去打猎go riding去骑马go shopping去购物go dancing去跳舞go climbing去爬山go boating去划船go climbing去爬山go shooting去射击go farming去务农go teaching从教go nursing当护士go soldiering当兵go nutting采坚果（2）There is no＋v＋ing表示“是不可能的”
e.g.There is no knowing how old shi is.
=It is impossible to know how old she is.
=We don"t know how old she is.
（3）on＋v＋ing表示“一…就…”
e.g.On hearing this news，I changed my plan.
（4）have difficulty，trouble，a problem，a hard/good time，（等表示情感的词）＋（in）＋v＋ing.表示“…有困难（麻烦…）”
e.g.We have difficulty（in）solving the problem.
（5）keep，stop，restrain，hold＋Sb./Sth.＋from＋v＋ing…表示“阻止某人/某物做谋事”
e.g.Nothing can stop me from going to school.
8.V＋ing在句中作宾语、表语或主语时，如果它的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一样时，要有自己的逻辑主语。用“物主代词、名词所有格、名词通格、代词宾格”在v＋ing前面表示逻辑主语。作宾语和表语时，常用物主代词、所有格、通格、宾格；作主语时，常用所有格和物主代词。
e.g.Their coming to help us was a great encouragement to us.
Does he object to Xiao Ming"s joining the amateur drama group？
I don"t like my sister"s going to such a place.（=I don"t like my sister going to such a place.）
Please excuse my/me troubling you with my problems.
独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）
状语有时可以由一名或代词和另一个成分构成的复合结构担任，称为独立结构。常见的复合结构有下面几类：
1.名词或代词＋分词
e.g.He lay on his back，his hands crossed under his head.
The storm having destroyed their small room，they had to live in a cave.
2.名词或代词＋形容词
e.g.He entered the room，his nose red with cold.
3.名词或代词＋副词
e.g.he put on his socks wrong side out.
4.名词或代词＋不定式
e.g.Here are the first two volumes，the third one to cone out next month.
5.名词或代词＋介词短语
e.g.The two soldiers went up the mountain，gun in hand
【教学设计方案】
Step 1：Free talk
Get the students to talk about their choices of entertainment and make them unde rstand the aims of the lesson and tell the students that they are going to learnsome expressions about making prohibition and warnings.（write prohibition and warnings on the blackboard）
Step 2：Dialogue
Ss listen to the dialogue and give brief information about itWho（YangPei，Jackie and their friends Burt and Jeff）/Where（in the Australianbush）/When/What（camping）
Step 3：Multiple-choice exercises for listeningSs listen to the dialogue once again and do the following exercises1.What is a good place for camping according to Yang Pei？
A.A place by the river with plenty of shade under the trees.
B.A place in the cave.
C.A place in the bush.（Key：A）
2.Why mustn"t Burt smoke while walking around in the bush？
A.Because the smoke is terrible.
B.Because it could start a bush fire.
C.Because smoking is bad for one"s health.（Key：B）
3.What may happen when a kangaroo knock on you while you were driving？
A.It may damage the car really badly.
B.It may hurt you.
C.It may follow your car.（Key：A）
Check answers with the students，and at the same time get students"agreements of the following moral lessons.
1.The protection of the environment is especially important to us nowadays.Ifwe do not do something to stop polluting the rivers，the sea，the air，and all the things around us，the earth would not fit for us to live in.So let us startright now and let us create a beautiful world for ourselves and for the whole world.
